Note 6. Income Taxes

The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate (21%) to the Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate

The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets consist of the following at June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets

The Company did not record a benefit for income taxes. ASC 740 requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based upon the level of historical U.S. losses and future projections over the period in which the net deferred tax assets are deductible, at this time, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences, and as a result the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance for the full amount of the deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of some portion of the allowance. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $2.5 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. The increase in the 2023 valuation allowance is primarily attributable to the current year loss and capitalized research and development expenditures under Section 174.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had federal net operating losses (“NOLs”) of approximately $13.7 million, which are available to offset future taxable income. These net operating loss carryforwards will carryforward indefinitely but are subject to annual taxable income limitations in the year of utilization.

Under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income may be limited. Generally, an ownership change occurs when certain shareholders increase their aggregated ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage in a testing period (typically three years). The Company has not completed a study to assess whether an ownership change has occurred or whether there have been multiple ownership changes since becoming a “loss corporation” as defined in Section 382. Future changes in stock ownership, which may be outside of the Company’s control, may trigger an ownership change. In addition, future equity offerings or acquisitions that have an equity component of the purchase price could result in an ownership change. If an ownership change has occurred or does occur in the future, utilization of the NOL carryforwards or other tax attributes may be limited, which could potentially result in the expiration of a portion of the federal and state net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards before utilization, the reduction of the Company’s gross deferred tax assets and corresponding valuation allowance, and increased future tax liability to the Company.

The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits. Interest and penalty charges, if any, related to uncertain tax positions would be classified as income tax expenses in the accompanying statements of operations. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

Since the Company is in a loss carryforward position, the Company is generally subject to examination by the U.S. federal tax authorities for all tax years in which a loss carryforward was generated or used. The statute of limitations for assessment by federal and state tax jurisdictions in which the Company has business operations is open until three years from the year the net operating losses are used.